High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Pranas K?ris (born 20 August 1938 in Seduva, Radviliskis district) is a Lithuanian lawyer. He is the first representative of Lithuania in the European Court of Justice and European Court of Human Rights. Pranas K?ris has graduated the Law Faculty of Vilnius University in 1961 and has worked as a lecturer in the Department of the International and European Union Law of the Faculty. He worked in the field of International public law. He was People's Minister of Justice of Lithuanian SSR from 1977 to 1990. Pranas K?ris was appointed as a judge from Lithuania to the European Court of Justice in 2004. Pranas K?ris son, Egidijus K?ris has been the President of the Lithuanian Constitutional Court....

ISBN: 978-6-1322-5296-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A prayer for relief, in the law of civil procedure, is a portion of a complaint in which the plaintiff describes the remedies that the plaintiff seeks from the court. For example, the plaintiff may ask for an award of compensatory damages, punitive damages, attorney's fees, an injunction to make the defendant stop a certain activity, or all of these. The request for a specific amount of money may be referred to as an ad damnum clause. A complaint, in legal terminology, is a formal legal document that sets out the facts and legal reasons (see: cause of action) that the filing party (the plaintiffs) believes are sufficient to support a claim against another person, persons, entity or entities...

ISBN: 978-6-1324-8223-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Le preambule de la Constitution de 1946 enonce des droits et libertes fondamentaux, qu'il est apparu necessaire de consacrer a la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ce texte contient essentiellement des droits economiques et sociaux. La Constitution de 1958 (Ve Republique) a conserve ce texte a la valeur constitutionnelle. Le Conseil constitutionnel francais assure donc la conformite des lois votees par le Parlement a ce texte a valeur constitutionnelle. Le preambule de la Constitution de 1946 vise davantage a affirmer des droits de nature economique et sociale que des droits individuels. Il reprend, pour l’essentiel, les principes enonces par la Declaration des droits de l’homme qui...

ISBN: 978-6-1316-9586-5
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Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The prediction theory of law was a key component of the Oliver Wendell Holmes' jurisprudential philosophy. At its most basic, the theory is a refutation of most previous definitions of the law. Holmes believed that the law should be defined as a prediction, most specifically, a prediction of how the courts behave. His rationale was based on an argument regarding the opinion of a "bad man." Bad men, Holmes argued in his paper The Path of the Law, care little for ethics or lofty conceptions of natural law; instead they care simply about staying out of jail and avoiding paying damages. In Holmes's mind, therefore, it was most useful to define "the law" as a prediction of what will bring punishment...

ISBN: 978-6-1329-7937-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Prentice Henry Marshall (August 7, 1926 – May 24, 2004) was a United States District judge on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Born in Oak Park, Illinois, Marshall graduated from Oak Park High School (now Oak Park and River Forest High School) in 1944 and then served two years in the United States Navy. Under the G.I. Bill, he studied at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, earning a bachelor's degree in 1949. Marshall then earned a law degree from the University of Illinois College of Law in 1951. Marshall then served as a law clerk for Judge Walter C. Lindley on the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit from 1951 until 1953....

ISBN: 978-6-1330-6622-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Prerogative writs are a class of writs which originate from English law. Originally they were available only to the Crown, but later they were made available to the king's subjects through the courts. The prerogative writs are a means by which the Crown, acting through its courts, effects control over inferior courts or public authorities throughout the kingdom. The writs are issued in the name of the Crown, who is the nominal plaintiff, on behalf of the applicant. The prerogative writs other than habeas corpus are discretionary remedies, and have been known as prerogative orders in England and Wales since 1938. The writs of quo warranto and procedendo are now obsolete, and the orders of...

ISBN: 978-6-1330-7802-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Presbitero J. Velasco, Jr. (born August 8, 1948) is an incumbent Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He was appointed to the Court by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on March 31, 2006. Born on August 8, 1948 in Pasay City, Justice Presbitero J. Velasco, Jr. is a product of the public school system. He went to J. Sumulong Elementary School (First Honorable Mention) and the University of the Philippines (UP) Preparatory School, respectively, for elementary and high school. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from UP finishing the course in only three years. He went...

ISBN: 978-6-1330-7841-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Presser v. Illinois, 116 U.S. 252 (1886), was a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States holding that the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution limited only the power of Congress and the national government to control firearms, not that of the state. In this 1886 case, Herman Presser was part of a citizen militia group, the Lehr und Wehr Verein (Instruct and Defend Association), a group of armed ethnic German workers, associated with the Socialist Labor Party. The group had been formed to counter the armed private armies of companies in Chicago. The indictment charged in substance that...

ISBN: 978-6-1331-7956-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. A presumption of constitutionality shifts the burden of proof from the government to the citizen, requiring them to prove that a statute is unconstitutional. In Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton wrote that courts should only be able strike down a statute as unconstitutional if there is an "irreconcilable variance" between the statute and the Constitution. Otherwise, a statute should be upheld. Likewise, at the 1787 Philadelphia Convention, Virginia delegate George Mason said that judges "could declare an unconstitutional law void. But with regard to every law, however unjust, oppressive or pernicious, which did...

ISBN: 978-6-1332-0948-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Price v. United States (1995) was a lawsuit concerning the ownership of certain artwork seized by the United States in Germany in the aftermath of World War II. It was decided by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, which overturned an initial judgment of the District Court for the Southern District of Texas. The decision was based on the definition of the tort of conversion and the applicability of the principle of sovereign immunity. Among the artwork which formed the subject matter of the lawsuit were many photographs by German photographer Heinrich Hoffmann. The Court of Appeals...

ISBN: 978-6-1332-5455-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

In den Wirren der sich auflosenden Sowjetunion konnte sich 1992 in Moldawien fast unbemerkt eine Sezession vollziehen, die eines der armsten Lander Europas seither spaltet. Ostlich des Flusses Dnjestr konsolidierten die Transnistrier ihren eigenen Kleinstaat, der weltweit bislang keine Anerkennung fand und der sich selbst als ‚Pridnestrovskaja Moldavskaja Respublika‘ (PMR) bezeichnet. In der PMR konnte sich ein System etablieren, das unter der schutzenden Hand Moskaus und nach einem kurzen Burgerkrieg mit dem restlichen Moldawien einen Platz im ostlichen Europa gefunden hat. Der Autor verschafft einen umfangreichen volkerrechtlichen Uberblick uber das Konfliktgebiet, das medial im westlichen Europa nur sehr selten prasent ist, sowie...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-7807-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Prigg v. Pennsylvania, 41 U.S. 539 (1842), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that Federal law is superior to State law, and overturned the conviction of Edward Prigg as a result. In June 1788, the Constitution of the United States came into force, having been ratified by nine states (see History of the United States Constitution). Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution contained two statements about the legality of fleeing justice, creditors, owners, or other agencies, across state borders Данное издание не является оригинальным....

ISBN: 978-6-1332-6566-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Prima Paint Corp. v. Flood Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1332-7135-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! En matiere administrative, l’action de l’administration n’est pas libre, mais elle peut etre subordonnee a un certain nombre de regles, qui l’habilitent a agir, qui determinent les procedures a suivre, qui fixent des conditions de fond a l’action administrative, et en particulier, qui definissent les droits des administres. L'administration doit respecter le droit, il existe donc un principe de legalite de l'action administrative. Cette idee est le fondement de la construction juridique du droit administratif, mais elle ne s’est pas imposee sans difficulte. Historiquement, l’Etat a manifeste une reelle reticence a etre soumis au droit, et au controle d’un juge. Mais meme...

ISBN: 978-6-1326-9690-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The principle of legality is the legal ideal that requires all law to be clear, ascertainable and non-retrospective. It requires decision makers to resolve disputes by applying legal rules that have been declared beforehand, and not to alter the legal situation retrospectively by discretionary departures from established law. It is closely related to legal formalism and the rule of law and can be traced from the writings of Feuerbach, Dicey and Montesquieu. The principle has particular relevance in criminal and administrative law. In criminal law it can be seen in the general prohibition on the imposition of criminal sanctions for acts or omissions that were not criminal at the time of their...

ISBN: 978-6-1335-4828-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Prince William County, Virginia Sheriff's Office was established in 1731 to provide law enforcement and jailers for the County. In 1970, the Board of County Supervisors established the Prince William County Police Department which assumed the primary responsibility for law enforcement. In 1982, the Prince William County Adult Detention Center opened and assumed the duties of jailers. The Sheriff is a constitutional office elected by the Prince William County, City of Manassas and City of Manassas Park to provide certain public safety services. Prince William County Sheriff's Department has jurisdiction over all towns within county including Dumfries, Occoquan, Haymarket and Quantico. PWC...

ISBN: 978-6-1334-5140-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997), was a United States Supreme Court ruling that established the unconstitutionality of certain interim provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. The Gun Control Act of 1968 established a detailed Federal scheme governing the distribution of firearms. The GCA prohibited firearms ownership by certain broad categories of individuals thought to pose a threat to public safety, such as convicted felons, fugitives from justice, unlawful aliens, and many others. In 1993, Congress amended the GCA by enacting the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. The Act required the Attorney General to establish a national instant background check system by...

ISBN: 978-6-1335-5503-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Prior appropriation water rights, sometimes known as the Colorado Doctrine in reference to the U.S. Supreme Court case Wyoming v. Colorado, is a system of allocating water rights from a water source that is markedly different from riparian water rights. Water law in the western United States generally follows the appropriation doctrine which developed due to the scarcity of water in that area. The legal details vary from state to state; however, the general principle is that water rights are unconnected to land ownership, and can be sold or mortgaged like other property. The first person to use a quantity of water from a water source for a beneficial use has the right to continue to use that...

ISBN: 978-6-1335-5618-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In patent, industrial design rights and trademark laws, a priority right or right of priority is a time-limited right, triggered by the first filing of an application for a patent, an industrial design or a trademark respectively. The priority right belongs to the applicant or his successor in title and allows him to file a subsequent application in another country for the same invention, design or trademark and benefit, for this subsequent application, from the date of filing of the first application for the examination of certain requirements. When filing the subsequent application, the applicant must "claim the priority" of the first application in order to make use of the right of priority....

ISBN: 978-6-1335-6074-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Privacy enhancing technologies (PET) is a general term for a set of computer tools, applications and mechanisms which - when integrated in online services or applications, or when used in conjunction with such services or applications - allow online users to protect the privacy of their personally identifiable information (PII) provided to and handled by such services or applications. Companies will usually only invest in technologies enhancing the privacy of their customers if they see a financial benefit, i.e. if they anticipate a positive business case. (The other main reason being to comply with legal requirements (which could be considered as coming down to a 'financial benefit' as well;...

ISBN: 978-6-1335-7848-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Die offentliche Hand kann im Wesentlichen auf zwei Wegen ihre Ziele erreichen: Zum Einen durch Anwendung hoheitlicher Befehls- und Zwangsgewalt ("Imperium") und zum Anderen durch Abschluss von Vertragen. Im einen Falle spricht man von Hoheitsverwaltung, im anderen von Privatwirtschaftsverwaltung. Wahrend der hoheitlich handelnde Staat zufolge Art. 18 Abs 1 B-VG dem strengen Legalitatsprinzip unterworfen ist, gelten fur den privatwirtschaftlich agierenden Staat regelmassig nur jene Rechtsvorschriften, die auch das Rechtsverhaltnis Privater untereinander regeln, insbesondere die Bestimmungen des ABGB. Eine Beurteilung des damit im Zusammenhang stehenden nicht hoheitlichen Verwaltungshandelns setzt voraus, dass die Einbettung desselben in...

ISBN: 978-3-8619-4023-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Pub. L. 104-67, 109 Stat. 737 (codified as amended in scattered sections of 15 U.S.C.) ("PSLRA") implemented several substantive changes affecting certain cases brought under the federal securities laws, including changes related to pleading, discovery, liability, class representation, and awards fees and expenses. It was designed to reduce the number of “frivolous” securities lawsuits filed in federal courts. In essence, it says that investors cannot proceed with a case unless they already have facts in-hand that strongly suggest a deliberate fraud. Prior to the PSLRA, a case could proceed with minimal evidence and use...

ISBN: 978-6-1335-8263-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Privacy Act is Canadian federal legislation that came into effect on July 1, 1983. The act sets out rules for how institutions of the federal government must deal with personal information of individuals. Some salient provisions of the legislation are as follows: A government institution may not collect personal information unless it relates directly to an operating program or activity of the institution (section 4). With some exceptions, when a government institution collects an individual's personal information from the individual, it must inform the individual of the purpose for which the information is being collected (section 5(2)). With some exceptions, personal information under the...

ISBN: 978-6-1335-7866-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Privacy International (PI) is a UK-based non-profit organisation formed in 1990, "as a watchdog on surveillance and privacy invasions by governments and corporations." PI has organised campaigns and initiatives in more than fifty countries and is based in London, UK. During 1990, in response to increasing awareness about the globalisation of surveillance, more than a hundred privacy experts and human rights organizations from forty countries took steps to form an international organization for the protection of privacy. Members of the new body, including computer professionals, academics, lawyers, journalists, jurists and human rights activists, had a common interest in promoting an...

ISBN: 978-6-1335-7884-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! United States privacy law embodies several different legal concepts. One is the invasion of privacy, a tort based in common law allowing an aggrieved party to bring a lawsuit against an individual who unlawfully intrudes into his or her private affairs, discloses his or her private information, publicizes him or her in a false light, or appropriates his or her name for personal gain. Public figures have less privacy, and this is an evolving area of law as it relates to the media. The essence of the law derives from a right to privacy, defined broadly as "the right to be let alone." It usually excludes personal matters or activities which may reasonably be of public interest, like those of...

ISBN: 978-6-1335-7804-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011