Religious persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or group of individuals as a response to their religious beliefs of affiliations. The tendency of societies or groups within society to alienate or repress different subcultures is a recurrent theme in human history. Moreover, because a person's religion often determines to a significant extent his or her morality and personal identity, religious differences can be significant cultural factors. Religious persecution may be triggered by religious bigotry (i.e. the denigration of practitioners religions other than those of the oppressors) or by the State when it views a particular religious group as a threat to its interests or security. At a societal level, this...

ISBN: 978-6-1303-0743-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Hindu nationalism became a powerful societal force in India during the 1990s. The political success of Hindu nationalism seemed to signal the importance of religion to Indian politics. As Hindu nationalism grew in popularity and strength it also became the object of scholarly interest. In the post-colonial era there has been a strong impetus to revise established knowledge of Indian religion and society. This book attempts to show how the revisionist tendencies of the post-colonial era were reflected in Western scholarship on Hindu nationalism in the 1990s. One scholarly work on Hindu nationalism from the period is being analysed. Viewing that work in light of broader scholarly discourses of the late 20th century, this book addresses...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-7391-1
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Дата выхода: июль 2011

ISBN: 978-6-1300-5027-6
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Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Religion in Samoa encompasses a range of groups, but nearly 100% of the population of Samoa is Christian. The 2001 Census revealed the following distribution of Christian groups: Congregational Christian, 34.8 percent; Roman Catholic, 19.6 percent; Methodist, 15 percent; the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), 12.7 percent; Assemblies of God, 6.6 percent; and Seventh-day Adventist, 3.5 percent. These statistics reflected continual growth in the number and size of Mormons and Assemblies of God and a relative decline in the membership of the historically larger denominations. The following groups constitute less than 5 percent of the population: Nazarene, Anglican,...

ISBN: 978-6-1304-4686-4
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Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Spiritual ecstasy is an altered state of consciousness characterized by greatly reduced external awareness and expanded interior mental and spiritual awareness which is frequently accompanied by visions and emotional/intuitive (and sometimes physical) euphoria. Although the experience is usually brief in physical time, there are records of such experiences lasting several days or even more, and of recurring experiences of ecstasy during one's lifetime. Subjective perception of time, space and/or self may strongly change or disappear during ecstasy. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии...

ISBN: 978-6-1303-2203-8
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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! La plupart des religions ont prescrit ou prescrivent des usages specifiques a l'alimentation de leurs fideles, principalement pour des raisons spirituelles ou parfois a cause de theories de dietetiques. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1338-9316-0
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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A religious habit is a distinctive set of garments worn by members of a religious order. Traditionally some plain garb recognisable as a religious habit has also been worn by those leading the religious eremitic and anachoritic life, although in their case without conformity to a particular uniform style. For instance, for some Roman Catholic or Anglican orders, the habit may comprise a tunic covered by a scapular and cowl, with a hood for monks and a veil for nuns; in other orders it may be a distinctive form of cassock for men, or a distinctive dress and bonnet for women. Modern habits sometimes take the form of a distinctive clerical suit for men and a simple dress suit for women. Catholic...

ISBN: 978-6-1328-3094-4
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Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Myanmar (Burma) is a multi-religious country. There is no official state religion, but the government shows preference for Theravada Buddhism, the majority religion. According to both the statistics published by the Burmese government and the CIA, it is practiced by 89% of the population, especially among the Bamar, Rakhine, Shan, Mon, and Chinese. The new constitution provides for the freedom of religion; however, it also grants broad exceptions that allow the regime to restrict these rights at will. Although Burma's Jews once numbered in the thousands, there are currently only approximately 20 Jews in Yangon (Rangoon), where the country's only synagogue is located. Most of the Jews left...

ISBN: 978-6-1340-6904-5
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Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Children usually acquire the religious views of their parents, though they may also be influenced by others they communicate with such as peers and teachers. Aspects of this subject include rites of passage, education and child psychology, as well as discussion of the moral issue of religious education of children. Most Christian churches practice infant baptism. Confirmation is a rite conferred on infants in the East and in the West at the age of reason. Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah are terms to describe coming of age of a Jewish boy or girl. A parochial school, also known as a religious, faith or sect school, is a type of school which engages in religious education in addition to conventional...

ISBN: 978-6-1326-5400-7
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Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In some religions, law can be thought of as the ordering principle of reality; knowledge as revealed by God defining and governing all human affairs. Law, in the religious sense, also includes codes of ethics and morality which are upheld and required by God. Examples include customary Halakha and Hindu law, and to an extent, Sharia and Canon law. Sharia and Canon law differ from other religious laws in that Canon law is the codes of law of the Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox churches while Sharia law derives many of its laws from juristic precedent and reasoning by analogy. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по...

ISBN: 978-6-1303-3967-8
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Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The majority of Vietnamese people classify themselves as non-religious, although they visit religious temples several times every year. Their everyday behaviours and attitudes are dictated by the synthesis of philosophies which can be traced from many religions, especially Mahayana Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism. Those religions have been co-existing in the country for centuries and mixed perfectly with the Vietnamese tradition of worshiping their ancestors and national heroes. That special mix explains why the people there find it hard to say exactly which religion they belong to. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается...

ISBN: 978-6-1304-3358-1
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Дата выхода: июль 2011

Une religion est un ensemble de rites, croyances generalement theistes, compose de regles (ethiques ou pratiques), de recits, de symboles ou de dogmes adoptes comme conviction par une societe, un groupe ou une personne. Par metonymie, la religion peut designer l'ensemble des croyants, l'eventuelle institution en decoulant ou « la religion » en tant que vue d'ensemble des differentes religions. Une religion peut etre polytheiste ou monotheiste et, dans le cas du bouddhisme, presque athee . La religion occupe une place tres importante dans la culture des societes humaines, puisque la majorite d'elles a ete fondee sur des mythes religieux. Les relations reciproques entre religions et composantes de la societe sont souvent complexes, voire...

ISBN: 978-6-1307-6772-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! There are many different religious views on euthanasia, although many moral theologians are critical of the procedure. There are many different views among Buddhists on the issue of euthanasia, but many are critical of the procedure. In Theravada Buddhism a lay person daily recites the simple formula: "I undertake the precept to abstain from destroying living beings." For Buddhist monastics (bhikkhu) however the rules are more explicitly spelled out. For example, in the monastic code (Patimokkha), it states: "Should any bhikkhu intentionally deprive a human being of life, or search for an assassin for him, or praise the advantages of death, or incite...

ISBN: 978-6-1329-5637-8
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Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Les religions traditionnelles africaines sont l'ensemble des religions traditionnelles des differents peuples de l'Afrique subsaharienne. Leurs origines remontent a une epoque tres ancienne. La zone verte indique l'Afrique subsaharienne, et par extension l'ere d'influence des religions traditionnelles africaines. En Afrique, deuxieme continent de la planete par sa taille, les adeptes de religions africaines son reparties en 43 pays, et se chiffrent a plus de 100 millions, ce qui represente 70% des adeptes des religions traditionnelles dans le monde ; ils ne representent cependant, dans toute l'Afrique, que 12% de la population, 45% des Africains etant chretiens et 40% environ musulmans, ce qui...

ISBN: 978-6-1325-3172-8
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Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Le theme des religions est indispensable a la comprehension des Etats-Unis, qui garantissent par leur constitution une grande liberte religieuse. La societe americaine accorde une place importante a la religion et a la spiritualite : par exemple, on peut trouver dans chaque chambre d'hotel une Bible, le plus souvent une "King James Bible", et le president americain n'hesite pas a evoquer Dieu dans ses discours. On parle ainsi souvent de "religion civile". La grande diversite des Eglises et le dynamisme dont elles font preuve sont en grande partie expliques par l'histoire du pays. Aujourd'hui encore, les differentes Eglises sont impliquees dans la vie sociale et politique de la nation. Les...

ISBN: 978-6-1316-5328-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Religious intellectualism in Iran reached its apogee during the Persian Constitutional Revolution (1906-11). The process involved philosophers, sociologists, political scientists and cultural theorists. The glorious period of religious intellectual achievements was due to a well-known early school of thought known as "Mo'tazeleh". This school of thought flourished during the early Abbasid era. They adopted the method of applying rationality in the process of making interpretations of code of religion. Two centuries after the death of the Prophet there were two distinct schools of Islamic speculative theology,...

ISBN: 978-6-1337-5822-3
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Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Religion in Europe has been a major influence on art, culture, philosophy and law. The largest religion in Europe for at least a millennium and a half has been Christianity. A number of countries in Southeastern Europe have Muslim majorities. Smaller religions include Judaism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Hinduism which are found in their largest groups in Britain and France.Little is known about the prehistoric religion of Neolithic Europe. Bronze and Iron Age religion in Europe as elsewhere was predominantly polytheistic (Ancient Greek religion, Ancient Roman religion, Celtic polytheism, Germanic paganism etc.). The Roman Empire officially adopted...

ISBN: 978-6-1305-6010-2
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Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Le Bresil est un pays tres divers du point de vue de religions, avec une forte tendance a la mobilite de la part des croyants. La population est majoritairement chretienne (89%), catholique pour la plupart. Heritage de la colonisation portugaise, le catholicisme etait la religion officielle de l'Etat bresilien jusqu'a la promulgation de la Constitution republicaine de 1891 qui institue l'Etat laique. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1308-6719-5
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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Most Iranians are Muslims; 92% belong to the Shi'a branch of Islam, the official state religion, and about 8% belong to the Sunni branch of Islam. The remaining 2% are non-Muslim religious minorities, including Baha'is, Mandeans, Yarsanis, Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians. The latter three minority religions are officially recognized and protected, and have reserved seats in the Majlis (Iranian Parliament). The Baha'i Faith, Iran's largest non-Muslim religious minority, is not officially recognized, and has been persecuted during its existence in Iran. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга...

ISBN: 978-6-1309-8696-4
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Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Among religions in Austria, Roman Catholic Christianity is predominant. According to the 2001 census, 73.6% of the country's population adhered to this denomination. There is a much smaller group of Lutherans, totaling about 4.7% of the population in 2001. Since the 2001 census these two largest religious groups in Austria recorded losses in the number of adherents. The Roman Catholic Church reported a drop of more than 200,000 adherents or 5% of the total Austrian population, the much smaller Lutheran church reported a drop of 50,000 adherents. The number of Muslims in Austria has increased in recent years, with 4.2% of the population calling themselves Muslim, Muslims may overtake the number...

ISBN: 978-6-1309-6351-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Here are many religions in Japan that have come along with current times but most follow Shint? or Buddhism. Most Japanese people do not identify as exclusively belonging to just one religion, but incorporate features of both religions into their daily lives in a process known as syncretism. Shinto and Buddhism are even taken to as being interwoven in the country. Japanese streets are decorated on Tanabata, Obon and Christmas. Japan grants religious freedom to all sects of religious people, as evidenced by the fact they allow minority religions like Christianity, Islam and Sikhism to be practiced. According to the CIA World Factbook 84% to 96% adhere to Shinto and Buddhism while 4% to 16% of...

ISBN: 978-6-1304-2943-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The most predominant religion in Portugal is Roman Catholicism. Approximately 84% of the population are nominally Catholic, but only about 19% attend mass and take the sacraments regularly. Yet a larger number wish to be baptized, married in the church, and receive last rites. Although church and state were formally separated during the Portuguese First Republic (1910-26), a separation reiterated in the constitution of 1976, Roman Catholic precepts continue to have a relative weight in the Portuguese society and culture. Many Portuguese holidays, festivals and traditions have a religious origin or connotation. The educational and health care systems were for a long time the church's preserve,...

ISBN: 978-6-1303-4324-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! La religiosite est un effet de la sensibilite sur l'attitude religieuse, conduisant a une vague « religion » personnelle. Plusieurs exemples de religiosites nous sont fournis par l'Histoire, y compris dans l'Histoire recente : Le culte de la Raison et de l'Etre supreme, qui eut lieu pendant la Revolution francaise en 1793 et 1794, Les idees de Saint-Simon, exposees dans le "catechisme" des industriels (1823-1824) et dans le Nouveau christianisme (1825). Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1338-6019-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Une religion abrahamique, ou religion semitique, est, dans l'etude des religions comparees, une des religions derivees d'une ancienne tradition commune aux Semites, remontant selon ses membres a Abraham (« pere d'une multitude »), un patriarche dont la vie est narree dans la Bible hebraique, et en tant que prophete dans le Coran. Il est egalement qualifie de prophete dans Genese 20:7. Les religions abrahamiques forment un groupe important de religions, dans leur ensemble monotheistes, parmi lesquelles, entre autres, le judaisme, le christianisme, l'islam, le babisme et le bahaisme. En 2008, a peu pres 3,7 milliards d'individus, plus de la moitie de la population mondiale, adherent a une...

ISBN: 978-6-1308-4386-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Religious cosmologies are ways of explaining the history and evolution of the universe based, at least in part, on the acceptance of principles that cannot be justified by accepted scientific arguments (those are otherwise generally considered via physical cosmology). Most frequently, such theories begin by positing the existence of a god (or gods) who created and/or maintain(s) the universe. Some religious cosmologies have their basis in the teachings of particular religions or religious texts, whereas others are more general reactions to perceived difficulties in explaining the entire universe without the actions of a planning / coordinating intelligence. Данное издание не...

ISBN: 978-6-1309-7937-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011