Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
In mathematics and computer algebra, automatic differentiation (AD), sometimes alternatively called algorithmic differentiation, is a method to numerically evaluate the derivative of a function specified by a computer program. Two classical methods of doing differentiation are: symbolically differentiate the function as an expression, and evaluate it at the point; or use numerical differentiation. These methods run into problem areas: symbolic differentiation works at low speed, and faces the difficulty of converting a computer program into a single expression, while finite differences can introduce round off errors in the discretization process and cancellation. Both classical methods have problems with calculating higher derivatives,...
ISBN: 978-6-1306-8383-2
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
Automated theorem proving (ATP) or automated deduction, currently the most well-developed subfield of automated reasoning (AR), is the proving of mathematical theorems by a computer program. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1307-6739-6
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Automated reasoning is an area of computer science dedicated to understanding different aspects of reasoning in a way that allows the creation of software which allows computers to reason completely or nearly completely, automatically. As such, it is usually considered a subfield of artificial intelligence, but it also has strong connections to theoretical computer science and even philosophy. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1308-1128-0
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Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Automated Mathematician (AM) is one of the earliest successful discovery systems. It was created by Doug Lenat in Lisp, and in 1977 led to Lenat being awarded the IJCAI Computers and Thought Award. AM worked by generating and modifying short Lisp programs which were then interpreted as defining various mathematical concepts; for example, a program that tested equality between the length of two lists was considered to represent the concept of numerical equality, while a program that produced a list whose length was the product of the lengths of two other lists was interpreted as representing the concept of multiplication. The system had elaborate heuristics for choosing which programs to...
ISBN: 978-6-1313-4992-8
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Automated proof checking is the process of using software for checking proofs for correctness. It is one of the most developed fields in automated reasoning. Automated proof checking differs from automated theorem proving in that automated proof checking simply mechanically checks the formal workings of an existing proof, instead of trying to develop new proofs or theorems itself. Because of this, the task of automated proof verification is much simpler than that of automated theorem proving, allowing automated proof checking software to be much simpler than automated theorem proving software. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга...
ISBN: 978-6-1313-6883-7
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Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Automatic Distillation of Structure (ADIOS) is an algorithm that can analyse source material such as text and come up with meaningful information about the generative structures that gave rise to the source. One application of the algorithm is grammar induction: ADIOS can read a source text and infer grammatical rules based on structures and patterns found in the text. Using these, the system can then generate new well-structured sentences. ADIOS was developed by Zach Solan, David Horn, and Eytan Ruppin from Tel Aviv University, Israel, and Shimon Edelman from Cornell University, New York, USA. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга...
ISBN: 978-6-1311-7203-8
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Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Automatix is a tool designed to automate the addition of applications, codecs, fonts and libraries not provided directly by the software repositories of Debian-based distributions (specifically Debian, MEPIS and Ubuntu). These distributions do not include certain packages or configuration settings that allow the playing of DVDs or MP3 files or the viewing of Adobe Flash content, for example. Packages that allow the playing of MP3s are available to download from official sources but cannot be included on the CD. Packages to enable the playing of DVDs include the libdvdcss algorithm. Although adding these manually is possible, it can be time consuming. This is a particular problem for...
ISBN: 978-6-1321-6594-7
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Automatic target recognition (ATR), is the ability for an algorithm or device to recognize targets or objects based on data obtained from sensors. The application of automatic target recognition technology is a critical element of robotic warfare. ATR systems are used in unmanned aerial vehicles and cruise missiles. General Electric provides an Automatic Target Recognition Unit (ATRU)[1] for the Standoff Land Attack Missile, which processes pre-launch and post-launch targeting data, allows high speed video comparison, and enables the SLAM-ER (Stand-Off Land Attack Missile - Expanded Response) Missile to be truly "Fire and Forget". The simplest version of an ATR system is the IFF transponder....
ISBN: 978-6-1313-9551-2
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Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) was an early electronic stored-program computer design produced by Alan Turing at the invitation of John R. Womersley, superintendent of the Mathematics Division of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). The use of the word Engine was in homage to Charles Babbage and his Difference Engine and Analytical Engine. Turing's technical design Proposed Electronic Calculator was the product of his theoretical work in 1936 "On Computable Numbers"[1] and his wartime experience at Bletchley Park where the Colossus computers had been successful in breaking German military codes. In his 1936 paper, Turing described his idea as a "universal computing machine", but it is...
ISBN: 978-6-1314-3214-9
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The project to build the Automatic Computer M-1 was completed in December 1951 at the Energetics Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In charge of the Laboratory of Electrosystems was I.S. Brouk, who obtained the first domestic patent with the title "Digital Computer with Common Bus" in 1948. Work to build the computer based on Brouk's design began in 1950. Parts were very difficult to get due to postwar rationing. On the other hand, due to availability of copper oxide diods which were brought as trophy from Germany the machine had the fewest lamp count of contemporary designs, at 730. The memory was based on an original invention of an electrostatic memory using the ordinary oscilloscope...
ISBN: 978-6-1314-3233-0
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! GNU Automake is a programming tool that produces portable makefiles for use by the make program, used in compiling software. It is made by the Free Software Foundation as one of GNU programs, and is part of the GNU build system. The makefiles produced follow the GNU Coding Standards. It is written in the Perl programming language and must be used with GNU autoconf. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-3-6399-4040-4
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! AutomationML (Automation Markup Language) is a neutral data format based on XML for the storage and exchange of plant engineering information, which is provided as open standard. Goal of AutomationML is to interconnect the heterogeneous tool landscape of modern engineering tools in their different disciplines, e.g. mechanical plant engineering, electrical design, HMI development, PLC, robot control. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1330-3040-4
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
The problems deriving from need of managing large amount of electronic textual information, which is available in computers, have been studied since many years ago and in many areas the conclusions are rather definitive. Usually, what happened in this area is that the methods developed in the Machine Learning discipline have been slightly modified to deal with the high dimensional spaces of the text and almost all the methods by now have been proposed and tested, reaching for some of them very high performances. In this book, I will try to give a global idea of what a Automatic Text Processing system is and of the main problems connected to its design. Данное издание не является оригинальным....
ISBN: 978-3-8383-7452-9
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
A fully automatic white matter lesion segmentation method has been developed and evaluated. The method uses multispectral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data (T1, T2 and Proton Density). First fuzzy c means (FCM) was used to segment normal brain tissues (white matter, grey matter, and cerebrospinal fluid). The holes in normal white matter were used to sample the WML intensities in the different images. The segmentation of WML was optimized by a graph cut approach. The method was trained by using 9 manually segmented datasets and evaluated by comparison to 11 other manually segmented, and visually evaluated, datasets. The graph cut part of the automatic segmentation requires, on average, 30 seconds per dataset. The results correlated...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-7643-1
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
The literature on prediction and model selection is highly interdisciplinary and interest in this field is fast growing. In this work, the author reviews some recent methodological developments which may be useful in situations where nothing, or little, is known about the the process that generated the data. Special attention is devoted to flexible modeling algorithms, which combine linear and non- linear functional forms, balancing between complexity and good approximation properties to the unknown data generating process. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-3-8383-2689-4
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Context-awareness refers to the idea that portable devices can keep track of their context, of the user's surroundings, in order to supply the user with relevant services. The Event-Control-Action (ECA) architectural pattern can be used to give structure to context-aware applications by specifying a way for them to process their data and act upon it by means of simple if-then-constructs. These constructs, or rules, can be specified using the ECA Domainspecific Language (ECA-DL). Currently, there exists no interpreter for this language. The Java Expert System Shell (Jess) is a rule engine for Java. A rule engine is a program that tries to match rules against information and then triggers one or more actions. This rule engine supports the...
ISBN: 978-3-6391-0534-6
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Automated Content Access Protocol ("ACAP") was proposed in 2006 as a method of providing machine-readable permissions information for content, in the hope that it would have allowed automated processes (such as search-engine web crawling) to be compliant with publishers' policies without the need for human interpretation of legal terms. ACAP was developed by organisations that claimed to represent sections of the publishing industry (World Association of Newspapers, European Publishers Council, International Publishers Association). It was intended to provide support for more sophisticated online publishing business models, but was criticised for being biased towards the fears of publishers who...
ISBN: 978-6-1333-6360-1
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! An automatic waste container is a waste container which is automatic. It has an infrared system that allows it to detect human presence and open or close the waste container. These wastes containers are mostly made of stainless steel. In the European Union, they can be purchased for the price of 100 euros. The system had elaborate heuristics for choosing which programs to extend and modify, based on the experiences of working mathematicians in solving mathematical problems. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1313-4993-5
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Automatic image annotation (also known as automatic image tagging) is the process by which a computer system automatically assigns metadata in the form of captioning or keywords to a digital image. This application of computer vision techniques is used in image retrieval systems to organize and locate images of interest from a database. This method can be regarded as a type of multi-class image classification with a very large number of classes - as large as the vocabulary size. Typically, image analysis in the form of extracted feature vectors and the training annotation words are used by machine learning techniques to attempt to automatically apply annotations to new images. The first methods...
ISBN: 978-6-1313-9544-4
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
