In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture of an optical system is the opening that determines the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. The aperture determines how collimated the admitted rays are, which is of great importance for the appearance at the image plane. If the admitted rays also pass through a lens, highly collimated rays (narrow aperture) will result in sharpness at the image plane, while uncollimated rays (wide aperture) will result in sharpness for rays with the right focal length only. This means that a wide aperture results in an image that is sharp around what the lens is focusing on and blurred otherwise. The aperture...

ISBN: 978-6-1306-6239-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Aperture 1.5 - это универсальный инструмент для организации, сортировки, редактирования и архивирования цифровых изображений. В этом издании представлены технологии редактирования изображений и управления цветом, расширенные возможности инструмента Loupe, методы улучшенного поиска изображений, работа с метаданными и файлами RAW. Вы сможете освоить технологии быстрой сортировки, присвоения рейтингов и...

ISBN: 978-5-9790-0049-7
Издательство: Эком
Дата выхода: февраль 2008

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In computing, an aperture is a portion of the address space which is persistently associated with a particular peripheral device or a memory unit. Apertures may reach external devices such as ROM or RAM chips, or internal memory on the CPU itself. Typically a memory device attached to a computer accepts addresses starting at zero, and so a system with more than one such device would have ambiguous addressing. To resolve this, the memory logic will contain several aperture selectors, each containing a range selector and an interface to one of the memory devices. The set of selector address ranges of the apertures...

ISBN: 978-6-1346-1770-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Aperture is a photo editing and management software program that was developed by Apple for the Mac OS X operating system, first released in 2005 for $499 (now $199). The software handles a number of tasks common in post-production work such as importing and organizing image files, applying corrective adjustments, displaying slideshows, and printing photographs. Features of Aperture include non-destructive editing, organization of photographs by keyword, faces (using face detection and recognition), and places (using GPS metadata embedded in image files), brushes for applying effects (such as dodge and burn, skin smoothing, and polarization), and exporting to several popular websites, including...

ISBN: 978-6-1323-4118-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Aperture is a photo editing and management software program that was developed by Apple for the Mac OS X operating system, first released in 2005 for $499 (all prices are in USD), dropped to $199, and now released on their App Store for $79. The software handles a number of tasks common in post-production work such as importing and organizing image files, applying corrective adjustments, displaying slideshows, and printing photographs.

ISBN: 978-5-5118-1212-0

Репринтное нотное издание Gill, Kenneth J. "Aperture, Op.23". Жанры: Pieces; For 2 violins; Scores featuring the violin; For 2 players. Мы создали специально для Вас, используя собственные запатентованные технологии производства репринтных книг и печати по требованию. Воспроизведено в оригинальной авторской орфографии издания 2010 года.

ISBN: 978-5-8846-2916-5

ISBN: 978-5-5132-4219-2

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In optics, the numerical aperture (NA) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or emit light. The exact definition of the term varies slightly between different areas of optics. In microscopy, NA is important because it indicates the resolving power of a lens. The size of the finest detail that can be resolved is proportional to ?/NA, where ? is the wavelength of the light. A lens with a larger numerical aperture will be able to visualize finer details than a lens with a smaller numerical aperture. Lenses with larger numerical apertures also collect more light and will generally provide a brighter image. Numerical...

ISBN: 978-6-1303-3390-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The traditional single aperture optical imagers are constrained by their large form factor that makes them bulky. This constraint restricts their utility in many scenarios where their pervasive use would otherwise be beneficial. Existing architectures like TOMBO, with multiple apertures and optimal reconstruction algorithms, gives a flat sensor but they are not adaptive to information content in the scene. An adaptive, flat multi-aperture computational imaging sensor architecture named PANOPTES is presented. It utilizes the arrays of micro-mirrors to steer the field of view of many low resolution imaging sensors. This research analyzes the implications of scaling down the optical systems, to short working distances (to achieve flat form...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-0625-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The superior thoracic aperture refers to the superior opening of the thoracic cavity. It is also referred to anatomically as the thoracic inlet and clinically as the thoracic outlet. The clinical entity called the Thoracic outlet syndrome does not refer to the inferior thoracic aperture.The superior thoracic aperture is bounded by: the first thoracic vertebra (T1) posteriorly, the first pair of ribs laterally (more specifically, the first ribs form lateral C-shaped curves posterior to anterior), and the superior border of the manubrium anteriorly. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга...

ISBN: 978-6-1304-0048-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar, also abbreviated InSAR or IfSAR, is a radar technique used in geodesy and remote sensing. This geodetic method uses two or more synthetic aperture radar images to generate maps of surface deformation or digital elevation, using differences in the phase of the waves returning to the satellite, or aircraft. The technique can potentially measure centimetre-scale changes in deformation over timespans of days to years. It has applications for geophysical monitoring of natural hazards, for example earthquakes, volcanoes and landslides, and also in structural engineering, in particular monitoring of subsidence and structural stability. Данное издание не является...

ISBN: 978-6-1307-5237-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) is the major instrument on the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite (SMOS). MIRAS is a planar antenna composed of a central body (the so-called hub) and three telescoping, deployable arms, in total 69 receivers on the Unit. Each receiver is composed of one LICEF module, which detects radiation in the microwave L-band, both in horizontal and vertical polarizations. The aperture on the LICEF detectors, planar in arrangement on MIRAS, point directly toward the Earth`s surface as the satellite orbits. The arrangement and orientation of MIRAS makes the instrument a 2-D interferometric radiometer. The MIRAS instrument`s prime...

ISBN: 978-5-5118-9198-9

Nano-hole arrays in metal films have been the topic of intense research over the past decade. They serve as an aid to channel the surface plasmons on the metal surface to achieve very specific optical properties in the resulting structure. These properties have been found to be very useful in spectroscopy and sensor applications. Sub-wavelength aperture array structures are presented to enhance the extraordinary optical transmission from nano-hole arrays by reflecting the surface plasmons scattering off the edge the array and redirecting back towards the array, resulting in enhanced transmission. The polarization sensitive properties of surface plasmons are used to control diffraction from a nano-hole array. Quasiperiodic strutures with...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-0022-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

In this work about one hundred repeated spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar acquisitions at a relative low resolution (25m x 5m) have been exploited for identifying the 3D position of privileged targets with sub-meter accuracy. Moreover, by analyzing scattering pattern and polarimetric response of the targets, their main radar characteristics have been estimated and 5 urban target typologies have been distinguished: gratings, roofs, poles, dihedrals and trihedrals. The results of 3D positioning and characterization of thousands targets have been cross-checked with aerial photography and in-situ surveys. The identification of urban corner-reflectors has allowed the combination of data acquired with different carrier frequencies under...

ISBN: 978-3-6392-9417-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Synthetic-aperture radar is a form of radar in which multiple radar images are processed to yield higher-resolution images than would be possible by conventional means. Either a single antenna mounted on a moving platform (such as an airplane or spacecraft) is used to illuminate a target scene or many low-directivity small stationary antennas are scattered over an area near the target area. The many echo waveforms received at the different antenna positions are post-processed to resolve the target. SAR can only be implemented by moving one or more antennas over relatively immobile targets, by placing multiple stationary antennas over a relatively large area, or combinations thereof. SAR has...

ISBN: 978-6-1305-0865-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

We study the theory and the application for a multiple of methods in the domain of spectral power estimation. In the 2D case, and the general ND case new methods are proposed for spectral power estimation following the criteria of an associated positive definite ND correlation matrix extension, and the Maximum of Entropy spectral power measure. The ND-Toeplitz correlation matrix structure is studied under two conditions. The first is the infinite positive extension support with an approximate matching property. The second is a positive extension with a Maximum of Entropy property. These two conditions, or two approaches, have allowed, respectively, the development of two new methods for spectral power estimation SMSE, and SMCE. Newly...

ISBN: 978-3-8383-1255-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! FAST, or the Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope, first proposed in 1994, is a radio telescope to be built by 2013 in a natural basin, Pingtang County near Duyun, capital of the Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, southwest China. It will have 4,600 panels and be similar in design to the Arecibo Observatory, utilizing a natural hollow (karst) to provide support for the telescope dish. As the name suggests, it will have a diameter of 500m (one li). Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд...

ISBN: 978-6-1340-9709-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The Tactical Synthetic Aperture Radar (TSAR) is a new radar system introduced on the MQ-8B Fire Scout unmanned aerial vehicle. It delivers high-resolution, wide-area radar images day or night, and in all weather conditions. TSAR systems take advantage of the long-range characteristics of radar signals and the information processing capability of modern digital electronics to provide high resolution imagery. The TSAR system can see through dense foliage, or penetrate sand and soil to image targets underground. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга...

ISBN: 978-6-1345-9401-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

This book investigates bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image formation and develops bistatic SAR algorithms to accommodate various bistatic geometries. The key step to many frequency based focusing algorithms is to find an analytical solution for the spectrum of a reference point target. No simple analytical solution exists for the bistatic case because of the Double Square Root in the bistatic range equation. Several algorithms have been developed to overcome this difficulty; they are reviewed and analyzed in this book to compare their processing accuracies. A solution to the spectrum based on the reversion of a power series is presented in this book. Its accuracy is compared with existing analytical point target spectra. Using...

ISBN: 978-3-6393-0961-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) is a technique to generate a two-dimensional high resolution image of a target. In situations where other radars display only a single unidentifiable bright moving pixel, the ISAR image is often adequate to discriminate between various missiles, military aircraft, and civilian aircraft. Images of the target region produced by ISAR can be a useful tool in locating scattering regions on the target. ISAR images are produced by rotating the target and processing the resultant doppler histories of the scattering centers. If the target rotates in azimuth at a constant rate...

ISBN: 978-6-1317-0229-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In optics, the numerical aperture (NA) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or emit light. By incorporating index of refraction in its definition, NA has the property that it is constant for a beam as it goes from one material to another provided there is no optical power at the interface. The exact definition of the term varies slightly between different areas of optics.

ISBN: 978-5-5111-2383-7

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) is a form of radar whose defining characteristic is its use of relative motion between an antenna and its target region to provide distinctive long-term coherent-signal variations that are exploited to obtain finer spatial resolution than is possible with conventional beam-scanning means. It originated as an advanced form of side-looking airborne radar (SLAR).

ISBN: 978-5-5111-8862-1

ISBN: 978-6-1314-8209-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Книга представляет собой репринтное издание. Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по восстановлению первоначального качества издания, на некоторых страницах могут обнаружиться небольшие "огрехи": помарки, кляксы и т.п. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 9781177703765
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

ISBN: 978-5-5127-3122-2